RESUMO
Menopause is often accompanied with weight gain, metabolic lipid abnormalities, and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of exercise and soy isoflavone supplementation on the lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities of ovariectomized rats. Twenty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX with exercise (OVX+EX), OVX with soy isoflavone supplementation (OVX+ISO), and OVX with both soy isoflavones and exercise (OVX+ISO+EX). After 12 weeks of intervention, antioxidant status was evaluated in collected blood samples by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), glutathione (GSH) content, and sodium oxide dismutase (SOD) activity. DNA damage in the lymphocytes was determined using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay). Although there were no significant differences in weight gain and food intake, weight gain was lower in OVX+EX, OVX+ISO, and OVX+ISO+EX than in OVX. OVX+EX, OVX+ISO, and OVX+ ISO+EX showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol compared to OVX. The soy isoflavone supplemented group had significantly increased FRAP values and GSH contents in contrast to no changes in the exercised group, whereas exercise markedly increased SOD activity and H2O2-induced DNA tail length and tail moment. Exercise with soy isoflavone supplementation significantly increased FRAP values and had no difference on SOD activity, including DNA damage. These results demonstrate that a combined treatment of moderate exercise and soy isoflavone supplementation could exert a beneficial effect on weight control and lipid profiles, and offer protection from exercise-induced oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Glycine max , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Terapia Combinada , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Feminino , Linfócitos/sangue , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estado Nutricional/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resultado do Tratamento , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Trichomonas tenax(T. tenax) and Trichomonas hominis (T. hominis) were collected, cultured and sampled for comparative microscopical studies using electron microscope. 1. Both flagellates were oval in shape and surrounded by a distinct outer membrane. Five recurrent flagella and one anterior flagellum had, each, 9 paris of peripheral and 1 pair of central fibrils, Undulating membrane was curved over the recurrent flagella, and bended in the middle at right angles with cell surface. Cytostome, engulfing bacteria, was observed in T. hominis. 2. In the cytoplasm, there were fine dense glycogen particles, and vacuoles containing ingested materials. Dense pigment rods were also observed in both flagellates, but the rods were not distributed around the vacuoles in T. hominis. 3. In T. tenax axostyle appeared as a cup-shaped structure comprising a single row of 41 fibrils, each about 120 a in diameter. It enclosed glycogen particles, and the open side was faced to the nucleus. 4. Endoplasmic reticulum was observed around the nucleus, but it was less developed in T. hominis. 5. Nucleus was ovoid having double nuclear membrane, which was clearly defined in T. hominis. 6. Blepharoplast, parabasal body, Golgi appartus and mitochondrion was not observed in both flagellates.
